ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant health problem globally. The virus has spread widely and become a global pandemic. The pathophysiology for SARS-CoV-2 has not been explained clearly. It has been associated with several multiorgan symptoms, among which its dermatological manifestations are of great interest. Primarily, there has been no report of skin features among COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, recently there have been several reports regarding COVID-19 patients who presented with cutaneous manifestations. In the current review, we focus on the various cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/complications , Skin Diseases/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/pathology , Dermatitis, Occupational/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Eruptions/diagnosis , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Drug Eruptions/pathology , Drug Eruptions/therapy , Humans , Personal Protective Equipment/adverse effects , SARS-CoV-2 , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/pathology , Skin Diseases/therapy , COVID-19 Drug TreatmentSubject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control/standards , Dermatitis, Occupational/epidemiology , Hand Hygiene/standards , Pandemics , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/therapy , Dermatology/statistics & numerical data , Female , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Personal Protective Equipment/adverse effects , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Irritant/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology , Ethanol/adverse effects , Hand Dermatoses/chemically induced , Hand Sanitizers/adverse effects , Health Personnel , Dermatitis, Irritant/therapy , Dermatitis, Occupational/therapy , Emollients/therapeutic use , Hand Dermatoses/therapy , Hand Disinfection , Humans , Skin Cream/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread globally at a staggering speed. At present, there is no effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-19. Hand disinfection is a cost-effective way to prevent its transmission. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, we should wash our hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) with at least 60% alcohol are the alternative. With diligent hand disinfection reinforced during COVID-19, there is an increased prevalence of contact dermatitis. This commentary highlights the fact that contact dermatitis is a readily treatable condition and should not cause any deviation of proper hand hygiene. In irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), the management strategies are selection of less irritating hand hygiene products, frequent use of moisturisers to rebuild the skin barrier, and education on proper hand hygiene practices. In allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), the identification and avoidance of the contact allergen is the key to treatment. However, ACD is less common and only accounts for 20% of the cases. The identified allergens in hand cleansers are predominantly preservative excipients and ACD attributable to ABHR are very uncommon. Alcohol-free hand rubs are widely available on the market but it is not a recommended alternative to ABHRs by the CDC.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/therapy , Dermatitis, Irritant/therapy , Emollients/therapeutic use , Hand Dermatoses/therapy , Hand Disinfection/methods , Hygroscopic Agents/therapeutic use , 1-Propanol/adverse effects , 2-Propanol/adverse effects , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Irritant/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology , Dermatitis, Occupational/therapy , Detergents/adverse effects , Ethanol/adverse effects , Hand Dermatoses/etiology , Hand Hygiene , Hand Sanitizers/adverse effects , Health Personnel , HumansABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the skin problems and dermatological life quality of the health care workers (HCWs) due to personal protection equipment (PPE) use, who are at high risk for COVID-19 infection. A questionnaire about HCWs' PPE use, their skin symptoms, and prevention, management methods and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was fulfilled. The median age of 440 participants was 33.5 (21.0-65.0) years old. Skin problems were found to be 90.2%, the most common were dryness, itching, cracking, burning, flaking, peeling and lichenification. The presence of skin problems (P < .001) was higher in those who did not use moisturizers. Of all, 22.3% (n = 98) stated that the use of PPE increased the severity of their previously diagnosed skin diseases and allergies (P < .01). Only 28.0% (n = 123) stated that they know the skin symptoms that may develop by using PPE. The proper hand washing rate was higher as education level increased (P < .001). Skin problems were higher in those using mask with metal nose bridge (P: .02 and P: .003, respectively). As the mask using period prolonged, acne was more common (P: .02). DLQI was significantly affected in women (P = .003), and with increased skin problems related to PPE (P < .001). It is important to organize trainings on prevention and management of possible skin symptoms due to PPE use according to guidelines.